lifeboat is small boat to maintain personnel when ship
sinking . The ship is provided, mainly used in ship distress, for ship
personnel aboard self rescue boat.
Lifeboats on board main rescue tools, it is
ship crew used for self-help or rescue persons in distress at sea special
rescue boat. In the boat seat board below with air box, in order to ensure that
the boat is fully filled with water will not sink. The boat equipped with
propulsion equipment , food, drinking water, emergency medicine, equipment,
communication equipment and sail, oar, pole and so on, some also equipped with
motor propulsion device. The length is not less than 5m. Using propeller, sail
or propeller to promote. The International Convention for the safety of life at
sea and the marine life-saving equipment specifications, the lifeboat equipped,
strength, floating, steady and sedimentation have strict regulations. At the
same time, also request passenger ships all lifeboats must be landed in water
in 30 minutes under normal weather conditions. Ship even in adverse
longitudinal tilt or any shipboard heeling 15 degrees can also landed safely;
lifeboat arrange should not interfere with the operation of other life-saving
equipment use, all boats in case of emergency immediately available. Lifeboat bow
indicate the name, tail indicates the port of registry. The lifeboat usually
set in the lifeboat deck hanging device, in order to facilitate personnel
embarkation and quickly put to the surface.
Lifeboat has good buoyancy, stability and
navigation performance, compared with other life-saving tools have greater
safety, but its quality is better, occupy deck area and space is larger.
Classification
of lifeboat
1, according to the hull material
classification
According to the hull material can be
divided into wooden lifeboats, metal (steel or aluminum) lifeboats and lifeboat
glass steel.
The fire resistance of steel lifeboat is
good, but it is easy to rust. The tanker used steel open lifeboat, the standard
tankers must adopt totally closed fire resistant lifeboat. At present, the
steel boat is seldom used.
The glass fiber reinforced plastic lifeboat
has the advantages of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, smooth
surface, simple manufacture and maintenance, convenient maintenance and high
durability, and is widely used at home and abroad.
2, according to the promotion of
classification
According to the propulsion mode can be
divided into motor lifeboat and non-motor lifeboat. Motor lifeboat use diesel
engine as a driving force can full crew quickly evacuated ship insurance, but
also can towing non-motorized boats and rafts. Non motor lifeboat rely on
paddling, or a hand, foot and other human propulsion device, or use sail
propulsion. "SOLAS Convention" on the new ship all the lifeboats are
required be motor lifeboat. Therefore, the current non-motor lifeboat can only
be used for domestic ships and inland ships.
International voyage ships and sailing on
domestic passenger ships and oil tankers are equipped with motor lifeboat, when
the carrier foot all occupants and fittings, auxiliary device driven by the
engine are in operation and in hydrostatic speed should be not less than 6kn,
when towing a load full occupants and fittings a 25 man life raft, speed should
be not less than 2Kn. in hydrostatic speed should be not less than 4kn.
3, according to the structure of the form
of classification
According to the structure can be divided
into open lifeboat (crew set in more than 60 people should motor lifeboat), half
enclosed lifeboat and fully enclosed lifeboat. Fully enclosed lifeboat
according to different equipment and function can be divided into ordinary
lifeboat, fire resistant lifeboat, with air support system lifeboat and free
fall lifeboat. All the crew of lifeboat shall not be more than 150.
Select of lifeboat
1, cargo ship
When the ship sets two fully enclosed
lifeboats, usually on starboard lifeboat as a rescue boat, Fully enclosed
lifeboat selection side open door or stern open door based on the layout of
vessel wall. If the ship by free fall lifeboat, can’t be used as a rescue boat.
Therefore, it is necessary to separately equipped with a rescue boat.
2, passenger ship
Full enclosed lifeboat is expensive, so the
passenger ship generally used half enclosed lifeboat. But the passenger does
not allow free fall lifeboat. The passenger ship half or fully enclosed
lifeboats meet the requirements can be used as a rescue boat. There is at least
one fast rescue boat in the rescue boat.
Storage
and arrangement of lifeboat
Life raft should be kept as close to the
living and serving place as possible. The landing station location lifeboat
should as possible to make the lifeboat raft launching straight into water. If
the landing site is located at bow of ship, it shall be set up in a sheltered
place after the collision bulkhead. The ship landed lifeboat should be stored
and are arranged to propellers as far away as possible. Where the vessel is 80m
and above, but is less than 120m, the lifeboat shall be stored in a place not
less than the length of lifeboat. Vessel length 120m and above of freighters
and 80m and above passenger ship, the lifeboat should be stored to propeller
not less than 1.5 times the length of lifeboat.
General
requirements for lifeboat
1, Life boats shape and scale should make
it have sufficient stability in waves, and has sufficient freeboard load full
occupants and fittings. All boats should have rigid hull, can keep positive
stability.
2, Lifeboats should have sufficient strength,
full passenger although with crumbs articles can safely landed in water, When
the ship in calm water to 5 kn speed forward, landing in the water and be
towed.
3, the number of lifeboat can’t be more
than 150 people.
4, the layout of lifeboat, should enable
all its crew to board boat quickly.
5, the lifeboat should have the inherent
buoyancy material.
6, when 50% occupants to normal posture
sitting in on one side of the center line of boat, the lifeboat freeboard shall
be at least 1.5% length of lifeboat or 100 mm, whichever is the greater.
7, Lifeboat should be prolonged obviously
handwriting indicate the scale and the crew fixed; lifeboats subordinate name
of ship and ship's port of registry shall be to bold Roman letters to mark the bow
boat on both sides; symbol of recognize the lifeboat subordinate ship and
lifeboat number, can see it from the sky.
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